Which condition describes inflammation of a vein with clot formation?

• A. Thrombophlebitis
• B. Phlebitis
• C. Endocarditis
• D. Varicosity

Answer: (A)

Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein with clot formation. The key idea is that both inflammation of the vein wall and a thrombus inside the vein occur together, which gives rise to warmth, tenderness, redness, and a palpable cord along the affected vessel. This distinguishes it from phlebitis alone, which refers to vein inflammation without a clot. Endocarditis is infection of the heart valves, not a vein, and varicosity describes enlarged, twisted veins from valve dysfunction without necessarily any inflammation or clot formation. Thrombophlebitis can affect superficial veins or deep veins; when deep veins are involved, it raises concern for serious complications like pulmonary embolism. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and pain, preventing extension of the clot, and addressing risk factors, with anticoagulation considered if a deep vein thrombosis is present.